Final update - BoA overturned their decision as a result of a cfpb complaint I filed. We got our money back. The other feedback mechanisms (internal appeal, AG office complaint, calling them) were all fruitless. It required complaining to a government regulator for them to do the right thing.
I did some digging on the cfpb website as they have an entire database of these complaints. I queried based on complaints in the last three years related to fraudulent charges, excluding merchant dispute issues. BoA has spiked recently, which isn’t a surprise. The serial violators in this category seemed to be Barclays, Chase, and BoA. Then again, all three of those issue a bunch of cards, Barclays perhaps less so than the other two. AMEX was a lot lower than I would have expected - they were about halfway down the list.
As a result, I am thinking of throwing AMEX a bit more business than I have been. Their clawbacks are infamous (see post 1 in this thread), but I can live with that if it means they stand behind their product while the others leave you hanging out to dry.